Cortical and cancellous bone thickness on the anterior region of alveolar bone in Korean: a study of dentate human cadavers

PURPOSE: The cortical bone thickness on the anterior region is important for achieving implant stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the thickness of the cortical and cancellous bones on the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five cadaver heads were used (16 male and 9 female; mean death age, 56.7 years). After the long axis of alveolar process was set up, it was measured in 5 levels starting from 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (L1) at intervals of 3 mm. All data was analysed statistically by one-way ANOVA at the .05 significance level. RESULTS: The cortical bone thickness according to measurement levels in both the labial and lingual sides increased from L1 to L5, and the lingual side below L3 was significantly thicker than the labial side on the maxilla and mandible. In particular, the labial cortical bone thickness in the maxilla was the thinnest compared to the other regions. The cancellous bone thickness according to measurement levels increased from L1 to L5 on the maxilla, and on the mandible it was the thinnest at the middle level of the root. CONCLUSION: For implant placement on the anterior region, a careful evaluation and full knowledge on the thickness of the cortical and cancellous bone are necessary, therefore, these results may provide an anatomic guideline to clinicians.

The Relationship between Korean Version of Berg Balance Scale with Ambulation Activities in Subjects with Stroke in Brain Stem and Cerebellum

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between Korean version of Berg balance scale (K-BBS) with activities related to ambulation in subjects with stroke in brain stem and cerebellum by obtaining the cutoff value for each step of K-BBS. METHOD: We divided the step of activities related to ambulation into 4 stages; independent sitting, independent sit to stand, independent ambulation with Q (quadripod) cane and independent ambulation without any assistance. Accordingly, we measured the K-BBS and checked the activity step in 31 subjects with stroke every other week. Data were analyzed by ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve technique to obtain each cutoff value of the K-BBS representing individual step of activities. RESULTS: The ROC analysis showed that each step of activity matched the following cutoff values: independent sitting, 5; independent sit to stand, 16; independent gait with Q cane, 25; and independent gait without any assistance, 35. CONCLUSION: K-BBS is a useful instrument in representing each step of activities related to ambulation and the cutoff values. Also, it is helpful for judging the assistance level for ambulation in subjects with stroke in brain stem and cerebellum.

The Korean Version of Berg Balance Scale as an Index of Activity Related to Ambulation in Subjects with Stroke

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical usefulness of the Korean version of Berg balance scale (K-BBS) by obtaining the cutoff value for the activities related to ambulation in subjects with stroke. METHOD: We measured the K-BBS and checked the activities related to ambulation in 52 subjects with stroke every other week. The activities related to ambulation were composed of 4 stages, including independent sitting, independent sit to stand, independent gait with Q (quad) cane and independent gait without any assistance. Data were analyzed by ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) curve technique to obtain each cutoff value of the K-BBS representing for the individual activities. RESULTS: The ROC analysis showed that each activity matched the following cutoff values: independent sitting, 5; independent sit to stand, 18; independent gait with Q cane, 25; and independent gait without any assistance, 34. CONCLUSION: The K-BBS would be a useful instrument to tell the degrees of the activities related to ambulation and the cutoff values could be helpful for judging the assistance level for ambulation in patients with stroke.

Relationship between blood leptin and non-alcoholic fatty liver in obese male adolescent / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: The non-alcoholic fatty liver is characterised by accumulation of triglycerides within liver parenchymal cells without intake of alcohol. Leptin is produced by peripheral adipose cells and it's blood concentrations are positively correlated with blood insulin levels, independent of body mass index. Non-alcoholic fatty liver is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia even in lean subjects. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate whether hyperleptinemia is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver, independent of age and obesity. METHODS: The age, weight, BMI and blood laboratory data such as LFT, lipid profiles, insulin, and leptin were analyzed on 26 control subjects and 30 non-alcoholic fatty liver subjects with BMI above 25 kg/m2 in male adults. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in their age, height, weight, and BMI between normal control group and non-alcoholic fatty liver group. But, blood triglyceride, leptin, and insulin level of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver were significantly higher than those of normal control group. CONCLUSION: Blood leptin levels of non-alcoholic fatty liver group were significantly higher than that of control group. Thus, high circulating leptin concentrations may play a role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver, regardless of age and obesity.